A goal awarded despite the ball not crossing the line, or denied when it clearly did. Before goal-line technology, these caused huge controversies. Lampard's shot against Germany in 2010 clearly crossed the line but wasn't given; Luis Garcia for Liverpool against Chelsea in the Champions League semi-final in 2005; Geoff Hurst's 1966 World Cup final goal probably didn't cross but was given. Technology has mostly eliminated ghost goals, but the term lives on.
Florentino Pérez's approach at Real Madrid has generally been buy the biggest names in world football regardless of team balance, a sort of 'galaxy of stars' if you will. The first wave (2000-2006) brought in Figo, Zidane, Ronaldo, and Beckham. It sold shirts and made headlines but didn't always work on the pitch. The policy returned in 2009 with Cristiano Ronaldo, Kaká, and later Bale. It turned Real Madrid into the world's most valuable club, even when the footballing results were mixed.