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A term used by rival fans to describe Manchester City in the wake of the guilty verdict of financial doping in 114 of 115 charges between 2009-2018. The term ‘sham contract’ was used in the verdict, a legal description from the 1960s. In this case, Manchester City are deemed to have used sham contracts to pump money into the club disguised as sponsorship deals, hugely inflating revenue to circumvent FFP rules. It meant they could throw money at the best players and the best manager of his generation (Pep Guardiola), winning countless titles, as a result. The punishment is yet to be dished out, but could be anything from titles stripped to expulsion from the Premier League.

Winning ugly through time-wasting, cynical fouls, provocation, surrounding the ref, and anything else that bends the rules' spirit. Purists hate it, but it works, especially for underdogs or teams protecting a lead. The term has flipped from insult to badge of honour for some fanbases. Diego Costa made an entire career out of being a world-class shithouse.

A visual showing where shots were taken from, usually with size or color indicating xG. You can see at a glance whether a team is shooting from good or bad positions. Shot maps reveal patterns - a striker who only shoots from inside the six-yard box, or a midfielder who tries their luck from everywhere. Post-match analysis uses them constantly to show what chances were created.

The official term for diving - going down without sufficient contact to make it look like a foul. Players simulate to win free kicks and penalties or get opponents booked. It's a bookable offense if the referee catches it, but enforcement is inconsistent. VAR can overturn penalties won through simulation. The line between "going down easily" and simulation is subjective.

A way of rating overhead kicks by comparing them to Trevor Sinclair's famous effort for QPR against Barnsley in the 1997 FA Cup. Sinclair's volley was hit from outside the box, and flew into the back of the net. It's the gold standard. So when someone pulls off a bicycle kick, you place it on the Sinclair Spectrum to judge how good it actually was. Popularised by Max Rushden on the Guardian's Football Weekly podcast.