Klopp

German for "counter-pressing." Instead of dropping back after losing the ball, the team immediately swarms the opponent to win it back, ideally within 5-8 seconds while they're still disorganized. Jürgen Klopp made this famous at Borussia Dortmund and Liverpool. The logic: the ball is the best defender. Win it back fast and you catch teams before they can set up.

Pushing the defence up towards the halfway line, squeezing the space between defence and midfield but leaving lots of room behind. Usually combined with pressing to pin opponents back and catch attackers offside. You need quick defenders who read the game well and a keeper who can sweep. When it works, it suffocates teams. When it doesn't, balls over the top destroy you. VAR's tight offside calls have made it both more effective and more contentious.

Deliberately allowing the ball to go to a certain player or area, then springing a coordinated press the moment it arrives. You let them think they have an out, then shut it down. Usually involves directing play toward the sideline or a weaker player, where pressing is more effective because their options are limited. A pressing trap requires everyone to know the plan and commit at the right moment.