Tag
Refereeing
The modern game is all about the squad. The deeper your bench, the better chance you have of success, especially if you have a super sub. Substitutes are the players not selected in the starting 11. They can be brought on during the match to replace players, due to injuries, for tactical reasons, poor performance, or fitness concerns. In the Premier League there are 9 substitutes on the bench, 5 of which can be used during three substitution windows. The number of players on the bench increases to 12 for Champions League matches.
The first ever substitute in the English game was Keith Peacock of Charlton, who came on to replace the injured goalkeeper Mike Rose in a match against Bolton in August 1965. Before then, injured players would have to play on or leave the team with 10 men.
Pro Ref is the new name for PGMOL, renamed for the start of the 2026/2027 season. It is the body responsible for referees in the English pyramid, from training and development through to appointing match officials for matches across the Premier League, the EFL, and all other FA competitions.
Seeing Chief Refereeing Officer Howard Webb on TV admitting error after the contentious winning goal in the Manchester derby was like having Déjà vu. How many times do we have statements and apologies from the referees? In this game, Enzo Fernandez was clearly offside and interfering with play for Haaland’s goal, yet VAR awarded it.
Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL). The former name of the official refereeing body in England responsible for the training, development, and match appointment management of referees and assistants for professional football matches in the English football pyramid. It was originally called the Professional Game Match Officials Board (PGMOB) and for the start of the 2026/2027 season has been renamed again to Pro Ref.
PGMOL admitted “significant human error” in October 2023 for an incident where Luis Diaz had an incorrect goal ruled out for offside for Liverpool away at Spurs, leading to the famous “Check complete” audio from the VAR gaining notoriety.
The ref. The man in black. The whistle. The man or woman in the middle. The referee is in charge of each football match, they blow the whistle to start and end the game, award fouls, and have a yellow card and red card ready to give to players committing fouls. They are basically the police on the pitch, sent by Pro Ref (previously PGMOL). They work each match alongside a team of assistant referees (previously called linesmen) and a 4th official on the side of the pitch looking after substitutions and taking verbal abuse from managers and coaches. Who would be a referee? They receive plenty of angry insults from the stands, players, and the touchline.
Maybe the most famous referee of all was Pierluigi Collina, known for his stern yet fair refereeing style and intense eyes. The Italian ref was a standout, had great authority and was respected by pretty much everyone from players and coaches to fans and commentators, a rare feat. He refereed a World Cup final, Champions League final, UEFA Cup final and Men’s Olympic Football final.
The Spidercam is a camera system that is suspended above the playing field by cables. It allows television broadcasters to move the camera both horizontally and vertically with speed and precision to get some incredible action shots during football matches.
In the quarter-final of the 2026 World Cup between Norway and England, England’s equalising goal came after a Norwegian goal kick allegedly hit one of the Spidercam cables, dropping to the feet of England midfielder Eliott Anderson, who started the move that led to Jude Bellingham’s first goal in a 2-1 victory. Argentina had the Hand of God…
The No Racism Gesture was implemented by FIFA to empower players, team officials, and referees to take a stand against racism when it occurs during a match, whether on the pitch or in the stands. If a person wants to alert the referee that racist abuse has taken place they cross their hands at the wrists, prompting the referee to start a three-step procedure, the last step being the suspension of the match.
At the 2026 World Cup at the end of a contentious match between Argentina and Egypt, where Egypt had felt hard done by, coach Hossam Hassan made the No Racism Gesture in front of the referee. Post-match, Hassan claimed the officials favoured the World Champions in the 3-2 victory for Argentina.
Under Article 27 of the FIFA Disciplinary Code (FDC), the FIFA Disciplinary Committee has the discretion to suspend disciplinary action that has been taken by a referee in a previous match. For example, a red card can be suspended, with a probationary period of anywhere up to four years. If the player in question commits another act of a similar nature within the defined suspension period, the sanction is reactivated alongside any additional disciplinary measures.
In the 2026 World Cup, Article 27 was quoted by FIFA when USA striker Folarin Balogun had his red card suspended in time for USA to face Belgium in the last-16. The controversy surrounded the alleged phone call from US President Donald Trump to FIFA President Gianni Infantino, asking him to remove the suspension so Balogun could play. He did, Balogun played, and USA got pumped 4-1 by Belgium, the hosts knocked out.
The standard that VAR is supposed to use before overturning referee decisions. In theory, VAR should only intervene if the original call was clearly wrong. In practice, nobody agrees on what's clear or obvious, especially for handball and soft penalties. The phrase has become a punchline for whenever VAR makes a controversial call that seems subjective rather than definitive.
When VAR rules a player offside by millimetres, usually because their armpit or sleeve is beyond the last defender. The technology can draw lines to this precision, but it feels absurd to disallow goals for body parts you can't even score with. Fans mock it, but it's technically correct under the rules. Led to calls to give attackers the benefit of the doubt.