Tactics

How often a team plays forward rather than sideways or backward. High verticality means lots of progressive passes; low verticality means lots of circulation and recycling. Neither is inherently better - it depends on what you're trying to do. Guardiola teams often have lower verticality in possession but devastating vertical moments when gaps appear. Direct teams have high verticality throughout.

The central area just outside the penalty box, roughly where the "D" sits. Called zone 14 because it's the 14th zone when you divide the pitch into an 18-zone grid (6 across, 3 deep in each half). Receiving the ball here is dangerous because you're facing goal with shooting and passing options. Classic number 10s live in this space. Getting the ball into zone 14 is a key attacking objective.

A long diagonal ball from one side of the pitch to the other, usually to find space where the defense hasn't shifted yet. When play is congested on one flank, the other side is often open. A good switch of play exploits that. The pass needs weight and accuracy - too short and it gets cut out, too long and it goes out. Full-backs and playmakers who can hit these passes are valuable for stretching the game.

Changing the starting lineup between matches to manage player workloads or adapt to opponents. Guardiola rotates heavily and takes criticism when it backfires in big games. Other managers stick with their best eleven until players drop from exhaustion. The packed modern calendar means rotation is necessary, but fans hate seeing their favourites benched for important matches.

A three-player move. The first player passes to the second, and the third times a run to receive the lay-off in space. Defenders watch the ball and the immediate receiver, so the third player sneaks away unnoticed. Getting the timing right takes practice and understanding between players. It's a sign of a well-drilled attacking unit when you see it happen smoothly.